The rook and pawn ending in chess refers to a endgame scenario where each player has only a rook and pawns on the board. This type of ending can be challenging, as the rook's strength is greatly influenced by the position of the pawns. Understanding the dynamics between the rook and pawns and how to use them effectively is critical for success in this endgame scenario. In this video, you will learn the key concepts of how to create a passed pawn, control the open files, and coordinate the rook and pawns for maximum effectiveness through an illustrative example.