Opposite color bishops in chess refer to a situation where each player has a bishop and the bishops are on squares of opposite colors. This type of position can create unique challenges for both players, as the bishops are limited in the squares they can control and attack. In an opposite color bishop position, the pawn structure and the placement of the pieces become particularly important. Players must carefully consider the potential outcomes of different moves, as well as the coordination of their pieces, in order to create threats and opportunities.